Study on rock mechanics characteristics and fracture conductivity of shale reservoirs in Chang 7 member of Ordos Basin

LIU ZHICHAO; LAI FENGPENG; DOU LIANGBIN; ZHANG LINLIN

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024454

Engineering Techniques | Views : 0 下载量: 94 CSCD: 0 CNKI被引量: 0 Scopus: 0 更多指标

PDF
Export
Share
Collection
Album

Study on rock mechanics characteristics and fracture conductivity of shale reservoirs in Chang 7 member of Ordos Basin
Vol. 16, Issue 2, Pages: 458-468(2026)
Received：07 February 2025，

Published：26 March 2026
DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024454
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

柳智超, 赖枫鹏, 窦亮彬, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页岩储层岩石力学特征及裂缝导流能力研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026, 16(2): 458-468. DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024454.

LIU Zhichao, LAI Fengpeng, DOU Liangbin, et al. Study on rock mechanics characteristics and fracture conductivity of shale reservoirs in Chang 7 member of Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(2): 458-468. DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024454.

摘要

页岩油作为非常规油气资源，已成为全球能源开采的热点。然而，页岩油储层具有低孔低渗的特点，传统开采技术难以实现高效产出，需采用水力压裂技术进行开发。页岩岩石力学特征显著影响压裂效果。通过岩石力学实验和X射线衍射全岩心实验，对比分析了鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页理型、纹层型和夹层型3种不同类型页岩的弹性模量、泊松比等力学参数及地应力变化，明确了不同类型页岩的力学性质与储层特征，并建立了矿物成分与岩石力学特征的关联性。同时，通过支撑剂导流能力实验和嵌入实验，揭示了压裂裂缝导流能力的变化规律，为支撑剂选择提供指导。结果表明：①夹层型页岩弹性模量大、泊松比小，易于造缝；页理型和纹层型页岩地应力梯度大，裂缝扩展难度较高。②岩石中刚性矿物含量越高，弹性模量越大、泊松比越小；脆性矿物含量越高，脆性指数越大。相较于纹层型和页理型页岩，夹层型页岩性质硬脆，压裂时更易产生裂缝且能有效保持裂缝张开。③基于夹层型页岩的力学性质，其支撑剂嵌入深度最小，导流能力最强，有利于流体流动。根据支撑剂选择实验，建议低围压下采用10~20目石英砂作为支撑剂，支撑剂填充密度宜为14 kg/m²。

Abstract

Shale oil

as an unconventional oil and gas resource

has become a global hotspot for energy extraction. However

shale oil reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and low permeability

making it difficult for traditional extraction technologies to achieve efficient production

and hydraulic fracturing technology is required for development. The mechanical characteristics of shale significantly influence the fracturing effectiveness. Through rock mechanics experiments and X-ray diffraction whole-rock analysis

the mechanical parameters

such as elastic modulus

Poisson’s ratio

and in-situ stress variations of three different types of shale (laminated

bedded

and interbedded) in the Chang 7 Member of the Ordos Basin

were compared and analyzed

clarifying the mechanical properties and reservoir characteristics of different shale types and establishing the relationship between mineral composition and rock mechanical characteristics. Additionally

the variation patterns of fracture conductivity were revealed through proppant conductivity experiments and embedding experiments

providing guidance for proppant selection. The results showed that: (1) interbedded shale had a high elastic modulus and a s

mall Poisson’s ratio

making it easy to create fractures

while laminated and bedded shales had higher in-situ stress gradients

making fracture propagation more difficult. (2) The higher the content of rigid minerals in the rock

the larger the elastic modulus and the smaller the Poisson’s ratio. The higher the content of brittle minerals

the larger the brittleness index. Compared with bedded and laminated shales

interbedded shale was hard and brittle

making it easier to generate fractures and effectively maintain fracture opening during fracturing. (3) Based on the mechanical properties of interbedded shale

it had the smallest proppant embedment depth and the highest conductivity

which facilitated fluid flow. According to the proppant selection experiments

it is recommended to use 10-20 mesh quartz sand as the proppant under low confining pressure

with a proppant packing density of 14 kg/m

关键词

Keywords

references

贾承造 , 王祖纲 , 姜林 , 等 . 中国页岩油勘探开发研究进展与科学技术问题 [J ] . 世界石油工业 , 2024 , 31 ( 4 ): 1 - 11 ..

JIA Chengzhao , WANG Zugang , JIANG Lin , et al . Progress and key scientific and technological problems of shale oil exploration and development in China [J ] . World Petroleum Industry , 2024 , 31 ( 4 ): 1 - 11 .

葛云锦 , 贺永红 , 许璟 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地长7泥岩生-储-排油特征及演化模式 [J ] . 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 2024 , 48 ( 2 ): 37 - 44 .

GE Yunjin , HE Yonghong , XU Jing , et al . Source-reservoir-oil characteristics and evolution model of Chang 7 shale in Ordos Basin [J ] . Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science) , 2024 , 48 ( 2 ): 37 - 44 .

何鑫 , 陈世加 , 胡琮 , 等 . 陆相页岩层系岩性组合模式及其对原油差异性富集的控制作用:以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段为例 [J ] . 现代地质 , 2024 , 38 ( 5 ): 1325 - 1337 .

HE Xin , CHEN Shijia , HU Cong , et al . Lithological combination model of the continental shale series and its controls on differential crude oil enrichment: A case study of the Chang 7 Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin [J ] . Geoscience , 2024 , 38 ( 5 ): 1325 - 1337 .

王广利 , 李阳阳 , 王一帆 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘长7烃源岩地球化学特征与沉积环境 [J ] . 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 2024 , 48 ( 1 ): 91 - 103 .

WANG Guangli , LI Yangyang , WANG Yifan , et al . Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment of Chang 7 source rocks, Southern Ordos Basin [J ] . Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science) , 2024 , 48 ( 1 ): 91 - 103 .

汪志璇 . 砂砾岩储层可压性评价: 以玛湖凹陷百口泉组为例 [D ] . 东营 : 中国石油大学(华东) , 2020 .

WANG Zhixuan . Evaluating the fracability of glutenite reservoirs: A case study of the Baikouquan Formation in the Mahu Sag [D ] . Dongying : China University of Petroleum (East China) , 2020 .

冯永超 , 李大雷 . 泾河油田页岩油储层井壁失稳机理研究 [J ] . 石油地质与工程 , 2024 , 38 ( 1 ): 122 - 126 .

FENG Yongchao , LI Dalei . Wellbore instability mechanism of shale oil reservoir in Jinghe Oilfield [J ] . Petroleum Geology & Engineering , 2024 , 38 ( 1 ): 122 - 126 .

杨琦 , 孙洁 , 贾昱昕 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地南部长8储层岩石力学实验研究 [J ] . 石油地质与工程 , 2017 , 31 ( 4 ): 100 - 103 .

YANG Qi , SUN Jie , JIA Yuxin , et al . Experimental study on rock mechanics of Chang 8 reservoir in southern Ordos Basin [J ] . Petroleum Geology and Engineering , 2017 , 31 ( 4 ): 100 - 103 .

谭现锋 , 张强 , 战启帅 , 等 . 干热岩储层高温条件下岩石力学特性研究 [J ] . 钻探工程 , 2023 , 50 ( 4 ): 110 - 117 .

TAN Xianfeng , ZHANG Qiang , ZHAN Qishuai , et al . Study on rock mechanical properties of hot-dry rock reservoir under high temperature [J ] . Drilling Engineering , 2023 , 50 ( 4 ): 110 - 117 .

刘创新 , 高红艳 , 秦德文 , 等 . 地应力-岩石力学分析在东海低渗透致密砂岩气藏水平井压裂中的应用 [J ] . 世界石油工业 , 2024 , 31 ( 3 ): 78 - 89 .

LIU Chuangxin , GAO Hongyan , QIN Dewen , et al . In-situ stress and rock mechanics analysis in the application of hydraulic fracturing for horizontal wells in the low-permeability and tight sandstone gas reservoirs of the East China Sea [J ] . World Petroleum Industry , 2024 , 31 ( 3 ): 78 - 89 .

刘登元 . Ｘ区块须家河组致密砂岩岩石力学特性与裂缝扩展特征 [J ] . 石油地质与工程 , 2024 , 38 ( 1 ): 20 - 27 .

LIU Dengyuan . Rock mechanical properties and fracture propagation characteristics of tight sandstone in Xujiahe Formation of X block [J ] . Petroleum Geology & Engineering , 2024 , 38 ( 1 ): 20 - 27 .

刘浩童 , 刘玉栋 , 段晓苗 , 等 . 页岩稳定剂氧化石墨烯的研制与评价 [J ] . 断块油气田 , 2021 , 28 ( 6 ): 765 - 768, 791 .

LIU Haotong , LIU Yudong , DUAN Xiaomiao , et al . Research and evaluation of graphene oxide as shale stabilizer [J ] . Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field , 2021 , 28 ( 6 ): 765 - 768, 791 .

王爱民 , 王发明 , 贺文卿 , 等 . 济阳坳陷油页岩力学性能特征实验 [J ] . 特种油气藏 , 2023 , 30 ( 5 ): 144 - 150 .

WANG Aimin , WANG Faming , HE Wenqing , et al . Experimental on mechanical properties characteristics of oil shale in Jiyang depression [J ] . Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs , 2023 , 30 ( 5 ): 144 - 150 .

李凯 , 乔卫民 , 贺丽峰 . 不同分层数量的煤系地层岩石单轴压缩试验分析 [J ] . 煤, 2023 , 32 ( 11 ): 76 - 80 .

LI Kai , QIAO Weimin , HE Lifeng . Analysis of rock uniaxial compression test in coal measures with different number of layers [J ] . Coal , 2023 , 32 ( 11 ): 76 - 80 .

艾池 , 仇德智 , 张军 , 等 . 页岩力学参数测试及脆性各向异性研究 [J ] . 断块油气田 , 2017 , 24 ( 5 ): 647 - 651 .

AI Chi , QIU Dezhi , ZHANG Jun , et al . Measurements of mechanical parameters and brittleness anisotropy of shale [J ] . Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field , 2017 , 24 ( 5 ): 647 - 651 .

房定旺 . 岩体弱面及岩石锯断面直剪试验的微机实践 [J ] . 金属矿山 , 1988 ( 8 ): 21 - 25 .

FANG Dingwang . Microcomputer practice of direct shear test of weak rock surface and rock saw section [J ] . Metal Mine , 1988 ( 8 ): 21 - 25 .

李银平 , 蒋卫东 , 刘江 , 等 . 湖北云应盐矿深部层状盐岩直剪试验研究 [J ] . 岩石力学与工程学报 , 2007 , 26 ( 9 ): 1767 - 1772 .

LI Yinping , JIANG Weidong , LIU Jiang , et al . Direct shear tests for layered salt rocks of yunying salt mine in Hubei province [J ] . Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering , 2007 , 26 ( 9 ): 1767 - 1772 .

张志飞 , 唐为民 , 贾洪彪 . 不同粗糙度断续节理岩体直剪试验的颗粒流模拟 [J ] . 长江科学院院报 , 2020 , 37 ( 12 ): 126 - 132 .

ZHANG Zhifei , TANG Weimin , JIA Hongbiao . Particle flow simulation of direct shear test on rock mass containing discontinuous joints with different roughness coefficients [J ] . Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute , 2020 , 37 ( 12 ): 126 - 132 .

兰恒星 , 陈俊辉 , 伍宇明 . 三轴压缩试验前后含气页岩微纳尺度裂隙空间分布特征研究 [J ] . 工程地质学报 , 2018 , 26 ( 1 ): 24 - 35 .

LAN Hengxing , CHEN Junhui , WU Yuming . Spatial characterization of micro-and nanoscale microcracks in gas shale before and after triaxial compression test [J ] . Journal of Engineering Geology , 2018 , 26 ( 1 ): 24 - 35 .

任颖惠 , 韩进 . 真三轴条件下延安蟠龙地区致密砂岩力学特性试验 [J ] . 石油地质与工程 , 2024 , 38 ( 2 ): 8 - 12 .

REN Yinghui , HAN Jin . Mechanical properties of tight sandstone in Yan’an Panlong area under true triaxial conditions [J ] . Petroleum Geology & Engineering , 2024 , 38 ( 2 ): 8 - 12 .

张文 , 刘向君 , 梁利喜 , 等 . 高温下页岩三轴压缩实验及井壁稳定研究 [J ] . 地下空间与工程学报 , 2021 , 17 ( 1 ): 62 - 70 .

ZHANG Wen , LIU Xiangjun , LIANG Lixi , et al . Triaxial compression experiment and wellbore stability study of shale under high temperature [J ] . Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering , 2021 , 17 ( 1 ): 62 - 70 .

陈军斌 , 李育 , 马焕焕 , 等 . 考虑裂缝影响的页岩三轴压缩实验研究 [J ] . 科学技术与工程 , 2020 , 20 ( 26 ): 10778 - 10782 .

CHEN Junbin , LI Yu , MA Huanhuan , et al . Experimental study on the three-axis compression of shale considering the influence of the crack [J ] . Science Technology and Engineering , 2020 , 20 ( 26 ): 10778 - 10782 .

张梦雅 , 李严严 , 左通 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7段富有机质页岩微观结构特征 [J ] . 世界石油工业 , 2024 , 31 ( 6 ): 38 - 45 .

ZHANG Mengya , LI Yanyan , ZUO Tong , et al . Microstructural characterization of organic-rich shale in Ordos Yanchang Formation [J ] . World Petroleum Industry , 2024 , 31 ( 6 ): 38 - 45 .

曹峰 , 李龙 , 余小龙 , 等 . 水化作用下硬脆性泥页岩理化性能与力学特性实验研究 [J ] . 重庆科技大学学报(自然科学版) , 2025 , 27 ( 2 ): 21 - 29 .

CAO Feng , LI Long , YU Xiaolong , et al . An experimental study of the physic-chemical properties of hard and brittle shale under hydration [J ] . Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition) , 2025 , 27 ( 2 ): 21 - 29 .

赵金洲 , 任岚 , 胡永全 . 页岩储层压裂缝成网延伸的受控因素分析 [J ] . 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 2013 , 35 ( 1 ): 1 - 9 .

ZHAO Jinzhou , REN Lan , HU Yongquan . Controlling factors of hydraulic fractures extending into network in shale formations [J ] . Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition) , 2013 , 35 ( 1 ): 1 - 9 .

张学平 , 刘友权 , 张鹏飞 , 等 . 大川中沙溪庙致密砂岩储层支撑裂缝导流能力的影响因素 [J ] . 石油与天然气化工 , 2024 , 53 ( 3 ): 92 - 97 .

ZHANG Xueping , LIU Youquan , ZHANG Pengfei , et al . Influencing factors of the fracture conductivity of propped cracks in the Shaximiao tight sandstone reservoir in central Sichuan .[J ] . Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas , 2024 , 53 ( 3 ): 92 - 97 .

张宜 . 页岩气储层脆性评价方法研究现状 [J ] . 探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程) , 2019 , 46 ( 7 ): 51 - 56 .

ZHANG Yi . Research status of shale gas reservoir brittleness evaluation method [J ] . Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling) , 2019 , 46 ( 7 ): 51 - 56 .

赖富强 , 冷寒冰 , 龚大建 , 等 . 综合矿物组分和弹性力学参数的页岩脆性评价方法 [J ] . 断块油气田 , 2019 , 26 ( 2 ): 168 - 171, 186 .

LAI Fuqiang , LENG Hanbing , GONG Dajian , et al . Evaluation of shale brittleness based on mineral compositions and elastic mechanics parameters [J ] . Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field , 2019 , 26 ( 2 ): 168 - 171, 186 .

李庆辉 , 陈勉 , 金衍 , 等 . 页岩气储层岩石力学特性及脆性评价 [J ] . 石油钻探技术 , 2012 , 40 ( 4 ): 17 - 22 .

LI Qinghui , CHEN Mian , JIN Yan , et al . Rock mechanical properties and brittleness evaluation of shale gas reservoir [J ] . Petroleum Drilling Techniques , 2012 , 40 ( 4 ): 17 - 22 .

ZHANG J , KAMENOV A , ZHU D , et al . Laboratory measurement of hydraulic fracture conductivities in the Barnett shale [C ] // SPE Hydraulic fracturing technology conference . SPE , 2013 : D021S005R006 .

Jr COOKE C E . Conductivity of fracture proppants in multiple layers [J ] . Journal of Petroleum Technology , 1973 , 25 ( 9 ): 1101 - 1107 .

WEAVER J D , NGUYEN P D , PARKER M A , et al . Sustaining fracture conductivity [C ] // SPE European formation damage conference . SPE , 2005 : SPE-94666-MS.

WARPINSKI N R , MAYERHOFER M J , VINCENT M C , et al . Stimulating unconventional reservoirs: Maximizing network growth while optimizing fracture conductivity [J ] . Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology , 2009 , 48 ( 10 ): 39 - 51 .

付金华 , 赵会涛 , 董国栋 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地新领域油气勘探发现与前景展望 [J ] . 天然气地球科学 , 2023 , 34 ( 8 ): 1289 - 1304 .

FU Jinhua , ZHAO Huitao , DONG Guodong , et al . Discovery and prospect of oil and gas exploration in new areas of Ordos Basin [J ] . Natural Gas Geoscience , 2023 , 34 ( 8 ): 1289 - 1304 .

付金华 , 牛小兵 , 淡卫东 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组长7段页岩油地质特征及勘探开发进展 [J ] . 中国石油勘探 , 2019 , 24 ( 5 ): 601 - 614 .

FU Jinhua , NIU Xiaobing , DAN Weidong , et al . The geological characteristics and the progress on exploration and development of shale oil in Chang7 Member of Mesozoic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin [J ] . China Petroleum Exploration , 2019 , 24 ( 5 ): 601 - 614 .

杨璞 , 路俊刚 , 代林锋 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长7段源储结构及其致密油差异富集模式 [J ] . 世界石油工业 , 2025 , 32 ( 3 ): 55 - 67 .

YANG Pu , LU Jungang , DAI Linfeng , et al . Source-reservoir structure and its control on differential enrichment patterns of tight oil in the Chang 7 member of the Heshui area, Ordos Basin [J ] . World Petroleum Industry , 2025 , 32 ( 3 ): 55 - 67 .

付金华 , 王龙 , 陈修 , 等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地长7页岩油勘探开发新进展及前景展望 [J ] . 中国石油勘探 , 2023 , 28 ( 5 ): 1 - 14 .

FU Jinhua , WANG Long , CHEN Xiu , et al . Progress and prospects of shale oil exploration and development in the seventh member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin [J ] . China Petroleum Exploration , 2023 , 28 ( 5 ): 1 - 14 .

国土资源部 . 岩石物理力学性质试验规程第20部分:岩石三轴压缩强度试验 : DZ/T 0276.20—2015 [S ] . 北京 : 中国标准出版社 , 2015 .

Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China . Regulation for testing the physical and mechanical properties of rock: Part 20: Test for determining the strength of rock in triaxial compression : DZ/T 0276.20—2015 [S ] . Beijing : Standards Press of China , 2015 .

文韬 . 岩石矿物对岩石脆性指数的影响 [D ] . 大庆 : 东北石油大学 , 2020 .

WEN Tao . Effects of rock mineral composition on rock mechanical properties [D ] . Daqing : Northeast Petroleum University , 2020 .

黄荣樽 , 庄锦江 . 一种新的地层破裂压力预测方法 [J ] . 石油钻采工艺 , 1986 , 8 ( 3 ): 1 - 14 .

HUANG Rongzun , ZHUANG Jinjiang . A new prediction method of formation fracture pressure [J ] . Oil Drilling & Production Technology , 1986 , 8 ( 3 ): 1 - 14 .

王珂 , 韩伟 , 王刚 , 等 . 地应力对水力压裂效果的影响 [J ] . 煤炭技术 , 2017 , 36 ( 12 ): 130 - 132 .

WANG Ke , HAN Wei , WANG Gang , et al . Effect of in situ stress to hydraulic fracturing [J ] . Coal Technology , 2017 , 36 ( 12 ): 130 - 132 .

张庆 . 高水压和围压温度耦合作用下压裂裂隙渗流特性研究 [D ] . 焦作 : 河南理工大学 , 2021 .

ZHANG Qing . Study on seepage characteristics of fractures under the coupling of high water pressure and confining pressure temperature [D ] . Jiaozuo : Henan Polytechnic University , 2021 .

范存辉 , 郝挺 , 刘勇 , 等 . 川南泸州地区龙马溪组一段有机质页岩裂缝发育特征及有利区评价 [J ] . 石油实验地质 , 2025 , 47 ( 6 ): 1282 - 1294 .

FAN Cunhui , HAO Ting , LIU Yong , et al . Development characteristics and favorable area evaluation of organic-rich shale fractures in first member of Longmaxi Formation, Luzhou area, southern Sichuan Basin [J ] . Petroleum Geology & Experiment , 2025 , 47 ( 6 ): 1282 - 1294 .

RICKMAN R , MULLEN M , PETRE E , et al . A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization: All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett shale [C ] // SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition . Richardson : Society of Petroleum Engineers , 2008 : SPE-115258-MS.

丛平 , 闫建平 , 井翠 , 等 . 页岩气储层可压裂性级别测井评价及展布特征: 以川南X地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例 [J ] . 岩性油气藏 , 2021 , 33 ( 3 ): 177 - 188 .

CONG Ping , YAN Jianping , JING Cui , et al . Logging evaluation and distribution characteristics of fracturing grade in shale gas reservoir: A case study from Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in X area, southern Sichuan Basin [J ] . Lithologic Reservoirs , 2021 , 33 ( 3 ): 177 - 188 .

王冠民 , 祝新怡 , 刘海 , 等 . 沉积微相在致密砂岩可压裂性分析中的应用:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组7段为例 [J ] . 地质力学学报 , 2024 , 30 ( 6 ): 893 - 905 .

WANG Guanmin , ZHU Xinyi , LIU Hai , et al . The application of sedimentary microfacies on the fracability of tight sandstone reservoir in Chang 7 member of Longdong area in the Ordos Basin [J ] . Journal of Geomechanics , 2024 , 30 ( 6 ): 893 - 905

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Microscopic characteristics of jimsar shale oil reservoir and oil displacement mechanisms of modified nanofluids

Comparative analysis of preservation conditions for shale oil in second member of Funing Formation, Subei Basin

Mobile 2D NMR quantitative evaluation method and its application at shale oil wellsite: A case study of the second member of Funing Formation, Subei Basin

Experimental evaluation of oil content and mobility of shale oil in second member of Funing Formation, Subei Basin: A case study of well H