成烃生物特征及烃源岩发育影响因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组为例

张毅; 万俊雨; 刘子驿; 朱建辉; 李春堂; 张威; 王萍

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487

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成烃生物特征及烃源岩发育影响因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组为例
The Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Generating Organisms and Influence Factors of Source Rock Development:A case study of Wulalike Formation, Ordos Basin
2026年页码：1-12
收稿：2025-11-19，

网络首发：2026-02-11，
DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487
稿件说明：

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张毅, 万俊雨, 刘子驿, 等. 成烃生物特征及烃源岩发育影响因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487.

ZHANG Yi, WAN Junyu, LIU Ziyi, et al. The Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Generating Organisms and Influence Factors of Source Rock Development：A case study of Wulalike Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, XXXX, XX(XX): 1-12. DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487.

摘要

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘发育的乌拉力克组是中国北方页岩气勘探开发的重要层位，具有普遍含气、局部富集的特征。探寻乌拉力克组优质烃源岩的发育影响因素，对现阶段油气勘探工作具有重要指导意义。本次研究以盆地西缘北段的石峡谷剖面和南段的银洞官庄剖面的乌拉力克组页岩为研究对象，系统开展了烃源岩地球化学特征、成烃生物组成及古海洋环境演化研究，建立了乌拉力克组沉积模式，明确了优质烃源岩发育的影响因素。研究结果表明：①烃源岩主要发育于乌拉力克组底部，总有机碳（TOC）含量整体偏低，热演化程度处于成熟—高成熟阶段，整体生烃潜力较低；②乌拉力克组生物组合包含浮游藻、笔石、底栖藻、藻类孢子囊和放射虫，进一步研究证实，烃源岩层段的成烃生物主要为浮游藻类体及其降解碎片，笔石和底栖藻碎片含量较少；③微量元素地球化学指标显示，乌拉力克组页岩沉积于缺氧的水体环境，但古生产力水平整体偏低，西缘北段沉积水体为缺氧滞留环境，西缘南段沉积水体深度较浅，缺氧程度较弱。综合分析认为，乌拉力克组页岩有机质富集受古海洋生产力和水体氧化还原环境的双重影响，古海洋生产力水平整体偏低是烃源岩有机质丰度偏低的主要原因，而局部区域的水体氧化还原环境对有机质的保存效率发挥着更显著的调控作用。

Abstract

The Wulalike Formation

developed in the southwest margin of Ordos Basin

is an important shale gas exploration and development horizon in northern China

which is characterized by general gas bearing and local enrichment. At present

exploring development factors of high-quality source rocks in the Wulalike Formation is significance for oil and gas exploration. In this study

the author focus on the shales of the Wulalike Formation from the Shixiagu section in the northern part and the Yindongguanzhuang section in the southern of the western margin of Ordos Basin

studying source rock geochemistry

hydrocarbon-generating organisms and paleo-marine environment

to establish sedimentary model for the Wulalike Formation

and identify the factors influencing the development of high-quality source rocks. The results show that: (1) The source rocks are primarily developed at the bottom of the Wulalike Formation

characterized by low total organic carbon (TOC) content

a maturity stage ranging from mature to high-mature

and overall low hydrocarbon generation potential. (2) The organisms assemblage of the Wulalike Formation are consistent of planktic algae

graptolite

benthic algae

algal sporangium

and radiolarians. Further study reveals that the hydrocarbon-generating organisms in the source rock intervals are predominantly planktonic algae and their fragments

with fewer contributions from graptolites and benthic algae. (3) Geochemical indicators from trace elements suggest that the Wulalike shale was deposited in an anoxic water column

albeit under generally low paleoproductivity conditions. The sedimentary water body in the northern part of the western margin was anoxic and stagnant

while the depositional setting in the southern part was shallower

exhibiting a weaker degree of anoxia. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the organic matter enrichment in the Wulalike shale was jointly influenced by both paleoproductivity and the redox environment. The low paleo-marine productivity level is identified as the primary reason for the low organic matter abundance in the source rocks

while the local redox conditions exerted a stronger control on organic matter preservation.

关键词

Keywords

references

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