山西地区深部煤层气储集空间特征及其对吸附解吸的影响

蔡潇; 夏威; 李小越; 刘玉霞; 龚月; 高和群

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028

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山西地区深部煤层气储集空间特征及其对吸附解吸的影响
Characteristics of deep coalbed methane reservoir space in Shanxi Province and their influence on adsorption and desorption
2026年16卷第2期页码：329-343
收稿：2025-04-03，

纸质出版：2026-03-26
DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

蔡潇, 夏威, 李小越, 等. 山西地区深部煤层气储集空间特征及其对吸附解吸的影响[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026, 16(2): 329-343. DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028.

CAI Xiao, XIA Wei, LI Xiaoyue, et al. Characteristics of deep coalbed methane reservoir space in Shanxi Province and their influence on adsorption and desorption[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(2): 329-343. DOI： 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028.

摘要

山西延川南区块和晋中区块在深部煤层气领域勘探开发潜力较大，但目前针对煤岩储集空间特征及孔隙-裂隙发育主控因素的研究仍有不足，尤其是对深部煤岩孔隙-裂隙系统与含气性耦合机制的认识不清晰，制约了该区深部煤层气的高效开发与效益提升。基于区块重点探井的煤岩样品，运用光学显微拼图、场发射电镜及高压压汞-低温N₂/CO₂吸附联测技术，系统表征了深部煤储层孔隙-裂隙空间类型与全孔径分布特征；结合煤岩组分、煤体结构及含气性测试数据，揭示了煤岩孔隙-裂隙发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响。研究结果表明：①延川南区块山西组2号煤和晋中区块太原组15号煤的储集空间主要分为孔隙和裂隙两大类。孔隙包括胞腔孔、气孔、粒间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔和溶蚀孔；裂隙包括割理缝、层理缝和构造缝。延川南区块2号煤层以气孔和胞腔孔为主，其次为粒间孔，少量割理缝、构造缝和黄铁矿晶间孔；晋中区块15号煤层则以割理缝和构造缝为主，其次为胞腔孔、气孔和粒间孔，少量层理缝和黏土矿物晶间孔；②延川南与晋中区块煤岩储集空间特征差异主要由煤岩组成、煤体结构和构造运动决定。孔隙类型受煤岩组成影响：基质镜质体多发育气孔和粒间孔，丝质体、半丝质体及粗粒体多发育胞腔孔，黏土矿物多发育晶间孔隙-裂隙。裂隙系统受煤体结构和构造运动控制：割理缝受煤岩的成岩作用及上覆地层的静岩压力影响，与煤岩的热演化程度和埋深有关；层理缝与沉积环境相关；外生裂隙由构造应力或破裂作用形成；③煤岩孔隙-裂隙结构显著影响煤层气的吸附解吸特征。基质孔隙的孔径分布决定煤岩比表面积和吸附能力，进而影响吸附特征；裂隙系统的复杂程度决定煤层气的渗流能力，进而影响解吸行为。研究认为，针对延川南区块2号煤这类以基质孔隙为主、吸附气稳定解吸的储层，建议采用“增大压裂规模、提高造缝效果、快排降压生产”的开发方案；针对晋中区块15号煤这类裂隙发育且孔隙-裂隙网络复杂的煤层气储层，建议采用“提高波及范围、大砂量远支撑、控压生产”的开发方案。

Abstract

Exploration practices have shown that the southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block in Shanxi Province have significant exploration and development potential in the field of deep coalbed methane (CBM). However

studies on the characteristics of coal reservoir space and the main controlling factors of pore-fracture development remain limited

particularly regarding the coupling mechanism between the deep coal rock pore-fracture system and gas content

which hinders the production enhancement and cost-effective development of deep CBM in this region. Based on coal rock samples from key exploration wells in these blocks

this study systematically characterized the pore-fracture space types

full-scale pore size distribution characteristics

and fracture systems in deep coal reservoirs using optical microscope mosaics

field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)

and high-pressure mercury intrusion—low-temperature N

/CO

adsorption techniques. Combined with coal composition

coal body structure

and gas content test data

the main controlling factors of pore

-fracture development and their impact on gas content were revealed. The results showed that: (1) the main reservoir spaces in the 2nd coal seam of the Shanxi Formation in the southern Yanchuan block and the 15th coal seam of the Taiyuan Formation in the Jinzhong block could be divided into two major categories: pores and fractures. Pores could be further subdivided into six subcategories based on their genesis

including cellular pores

gas pores

intergranular pores

clay mineral intercrystalline pores

pyrite intercrystalline pores

and dissolution pores. Fractures could be subdivided into three subcategories: cleat fractures

bedding fractures

and tectonic fractures. The reservoir space of the No. 2 coal in the southern Yanchuan block was dominated by gas pores and cellular pores

followed by intergranular pores

with a small number of cleat fractures

tectonic fractures

and pyrite intercrystalline pores. In contrast

the reservoir space of the No. 15 coal in the Jinzhong block was dominated by cleat fractures and tectonic fractures

followed by cellular pores

gas pores

and intergranular pores

with a small number of bedding fractures and clay mineral intercrystalline pores. (2) The differences in reservoir space characteristics between the southern Yanchuan block and the Jinzhong block were primarily attributed to coal composition

coal body structure

and tectonic movement. Specifically

pore types were mainly influenced by coal composition. Matrix vitrinite predominantly developed gas pores and intergranular pores

while fusinite

semifusinite

and durinite mainly developed cellular pores. Clay minerals mainly developed intercrystalline pores and fractures. Fracture systems were primarily controlled by coal structure and tectonic movement. Cleat fractures were affected by the diagenesis of coal and the lithostatic pressure of overlying strata

relating to the thermal maturity and burial depth of the coal. Bedding fractures were associated with the depositional environment

and external fractures we

re formed by tectonic stress or fracture. (3) The pore-fracture structure of coal significantly affected the adsorption-desorption characteristics of CBM. The pore size distribution of matrix pores determined the specific surface area and adsorption capacity of coal

thereby affecting adsorption characteristics. The complexity of the fracture system determined the permeability of CBM

thereby affecting its desorption behavior. The differences in coal types and material composition between the two blocks resulted in distinct characteristics in pore-fracture types

mechanical properties

and adsorption-desorption behaviors. The study suggests that for reservoirs like the No. 2 coal in the southern Yanchuan block

which are dominated by matrix pores and exhibit stable gas desorption

a development strategy of “increasing fracturing scale

enhancing fracture creation

and adopting rapid drainage for pressure reduction” is recommended. For CBM reservoirs like the No. 15 coal in the Jinzhong block

which have well-developed fractures and complex pore-fracture networks

a development strategy of “improving sweep efficiency

large-volume far-field proppant placement

and controlled-pressure production” is recommended.

关键词

Keywords

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