收稿：2024-11-14，
纸质出版：2026-03-26
移动端阅览
自悬浮支撑剂是一种新型材料，用于解决传统支撑剂在水力压裂中沉降快、分布不均、裂缝支撑效果差等问题。通过特殊的设计与制备技术，自悬浮支撑剂能够在低黏度流体中保持悬浮性，提高自身在裂缝中的均匀分布程度和导流能力，从而显著提升油气井产量并减少储层损害。根据自悬浮机理，可将自悬浮支撑剂分为3种类型：气体自悬浮、密度自悬浮和表面自悬浮。通过对自悬浮支撑剂制备技术的综述，包括支撑剂表面改性技术、低密度支撑剂制备技术和功能性涂层技术，总结自悬浮支撑剂的现场应用效果，并分析其在绿色高效开采中的应用前景。研究表明，自悬浮支撑剂不仅能够提升压裂效果，在不同油气田中使用自悬浮支撑剂可以显著提升油气产量，日产量或累计产量增长幅度可达2~7倍。将自悬浮支撑剂应用于油气开采能减少水资源和稠化剂的使用，还能降低环境污染，符合绿色循环经济理念。尽管目前面临成本和技术复杂性等挑战，但在自悬浮支撑剂依然表现出较佳的油气增产效果。未来的研究和开发应聚焦于以下几个关键领域以实现自悬浮支撑剂的广泛应用：首先，提升材料的稳定性和环境适应性，确保在极端条件下的可靠性；其次，通过优化制备过程和原材料的使用，降低自悬浮支撑剂的生产成本；再次，开展长期性能评估，确保支撑剂在长期应用中的效果持续稳定；最后，开发具备多功能性的自悬浮支撑剂，如具有防腐蚀、增加裂缝复杂性或改善油气流动性的新型支撑剂。通过这些创新的研究和技术进步，自悬浮支撑剂有望在未来油气田开发中发挥更大的作用，为油气增产和环境保护贡献力量。
Self-suspending proppants are innovative materials designed to address the limitations of conventional proppants in hydraulic fracturing
including rapid settling
uneven distribution
and poor fracture support. Through specialized design and preparation techniques
self-suspending proppants maintain their suspension in low-viscosity fluids
thereby enhancing their uniform distribution and fracture conductivity. Consequently
they significantly improve oil and gas well productivity while reducing reservoir damage. Based on the self-suspension mechanisms
self-suspending proppants are classified into three types: gas-assisted
density-controlled
and surface-modified self-suspending proppants. This review summarizes the preparation techniques for self-suspending proppants
including surface modification techniques
low-density proppant preparation methods
and functional coating technologies. The field application performance of self-suspending proppants is reviewed
and their prospects for green and efficient oil and gas exploitation are analyzed. Existing studies demonstrate that self-suspending proppants significantly enhance fracturing performance. Field applications in various oil and gas reservoirs show that using self-suspending proppants increases daily or cumulative production by approximately 2 to 7 times. Moreover
the application of self-suspending proppants in oil and gas development reduces the consumption of water and thickening agents
mitigates environmental pollution
and aligns with the principles of a green and circular economy. Despite the challenges of production costs and technological complexity
self-suspending proppants exhibit superior stimulation performance and significant production enhancement potential. Future research and development should focus on several key aspects to promote the widespread application of self-suspending proppants: first
improving material stability and environmental adaptability to ensure reliable performance under extreme conditions; second
reducing production costs of self-suspending proppants by optimizing preparation processes and raw material utilization; third
conducting long-term performance evaluation to ensure the sustained effectiveness of the proppants during extended field applications; and finally
developing multifunctional self-suspending proppants with additional capabilities
such as corrosion resistance
enhanced fracture complexity
or improved oil and gas flow behavior. Through continuous innovation and technological advancement
self-suspending proppants are expected to play an increasingly important role in future oil and gas field development
contributing to both oil and gas production enhancement and environmental protection.
ANAYA R , MARTÍNEZ J M , HERNÁNDEZ M F , et al . Individual diametral compression behavior of a ceramic proppant [J ] . Ceramics International , 2022 , 48 ( 21 ): 32357 - 32365 .
SUN H , HE B , XU H , et al . Experimental investigation on the fracture conductivity behavior of quartz sand and ceramic mixed proppants [J ] . ACS Omega , 2022 , 7 ( 12 ): 10243 - 10254 .
ISAH A , HIBA M , AL-AZANI K , et al . A comprehensive review of proppant transport in fractured reservoirs: Experimental, numerical, and field aspects [J ] . Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering , 2021 , 88 : 103832 .
XU Q , ZHANG D , CHEN S , et al . Coated proppants with self-suspension and potassium permanganate slow-release functions [J ] . Fuel , 2025 , 384 : 133940 .
LU W , O’NEIL B , ZHANG K , et al . Enhancing proppant flowback control through surface treatment of proppant [C ] // International Petroleum Technology Conference . IPTC , 2016 : D012S056R006 .
方宇飞 , 丁冬海 , 肖国庆 , 等 . 陶粒支撑剂的研究及应用进展 [J ] . 化工进展 , 2022 , 41 ( 5 ): 2511 - 2525 .
FANG Yufei , DING Donghai , XIAO Guoqing , et al . Progress in academic and application researches on ceramic proppant [J ] . Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress , 2022 , 41 ( 5 ): 2511 - 2525 .
毛昭元 , 高凯强 , 史晓琪 . 水力压裂陶粒支撑剂的研究现状 [J ] . 佛山陶瓷 , 2022 , 32 ( 7 ): 1 - 5, 8 .
MAO Zhaoyuan , GAO Kaiqiang , SHI Xiaoqi . Research status of hydro-fracturing ceramic proppant [J ] . Foshan Ceramics , 2022 , 32 ( 7 ): 1 - 5, 8 .
BIRYUKOVA A A , DZHIENALYEV T D , PANICHKIN A V . Ceramic proppants for hydraulic fracturing [J ] . IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering , 2021 , 1040 ( 1 ): 012008 .
WANG G , MA Q Y , REN L Q , et al . A comprehensive review of multifunctional proppants [J ] . ACS Omega , 2024 , 9 ( 44 ): 44120 - 44133 .
LUO Z F , LI J B , ZHAO L Q , et al . Preparation and characterization of a self-suspending ultra-low density proppant [J ] . RSC Advances , 2021 , 11 ( 52 ): 33083 - 33092 .
ZHU J Y , LONG Y F , ZHENG N X , et al . Study on the proppant suspension mechanism and key performance of viscoelastic scCO 2 foams at high temperature and high pressure [J ] . Fuel , 2025 , 393 : 135042 .
MALEY D , BOYER J , O’NEIL B , et al . Surface modification of proppant to improve transport and placement [C ] // International Petroleum Technology Conference . IPTC , 2014 : IPTC-17806-MS.
李宪文 , 杨波 , 赵倩云 , 等 . 气悬浮支撑剂技术在长庆致密气压裂中的应用 [J ] . 钻采工艺 , 2023 , 46 ( 1 ): 64 - 70 .
LI Xianwen , YANG Bo , ZHAO Qianyun , et al . Application of bubble-suspending proppant technology used for fracturing in changqing′s tight gas reservoirs [J ] . Drilling & Production Technology , 2023 , 46 ( 1 ): 64 - 70 .
WANG Q , ZHANG L . Ultra-low density proppants for hydraulic fracturing: material development and field applications [J ] . Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering , 2021 , 89 : 103878 .
LI H , ZHOU Y . Mechanisms of ultra-low density proppants suspension and their impact on fracture conductivity [J ] . Energy Reports , 2022 , 8 : 1235 - 1248 .
SUN J , LIU M . Surface modification and self-suspension behavior of ultra-low density proppants [J ] . Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2023 , 660 : 130848 .
LIAO Z , LI X , GE L , et al . Lightweight proppants in unconventional oil and natural gas development: A review [J ] . Sustainable Materials and Technologies , 2022 , 33 : e00484 .
牟军 , 薛屺 , 董朋朋 , 等 . 铝矾土空心陶粒支撑剂的制备及性能研究 [J ] . 人工晶体学报 , 2017 , 46 ( 7 ): 1244 - 1249 .
MOU Jun , XUE Qi , DONG Pengpeng , et al . Preparation and performance of the hollow bauxite ceramic proppant [J ] . Journal of Synthetic Crystals , 2017 , 46 ( 7 ): 1244 - 1249 .
FENG Y C , MA C Y , DENG J G , et al . A comprehensive review of ultralow-weight proppant technology [J ] . Petroleum Science , 2021 .
ZAPPALORTO M , PONTEFISSO A , FABRIZI A , et al . Mechanical behaviour of epoxy/silica nanocomposites: Experiments and modelling [J ] . Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing , 2015 , 72 : 58 - 64 .
黄勇 . 低密度支撑剂用酚醛/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其固化反应机理的研究 [D ] . 成都 : 四川大学 , 2007 .
HUANG Yong . Preparation of phenolic resin/epoxy resin composite as low density proppant and mechanism of its thermal curing [D ] . Chengdu : Sichuan University , 2007 .
LIANG C , LUO W , YAN C , et al . Ultra-lightweight proppant synthesized from PMMA/pine bark composite: Low-cost material and outstanding properties [J ] . Chemistry Letters , 2016 , 45 ( 8 ): 994 - 996 .
LUO Z , LI J , ZHAO L , et al . Preparation and characterization of a self-suspending ultra-low density proppant [J ] . RSC Advances , 2021 , 11 ( 52 ): 33083 - 33092 .
XU G Q , LAN X P , ZHAO S S , et al . Thermal conductive proppant with self-suspension ability [J ] . Petroleum Science , 2023 , 20 ( 3 ): 1742 - 1749 .
ZHOU H , GUO J , ZHANG T , et al . Eulerian multifluid simulations of proppant transport with different sizes [J ] . Physics of Fluids , 2023 , 35 ( 4 ): 043314 .
ZHAO J , ZHAO X , ZHAO J , et al . Coupled model for simulating proppant distribution in extending fracture [J ] . Engineering Fracture Mechanics , 2021 , 253 : 107865 .
张涛 , 蹇胤霖 , 何乐 , 等 . 压裂复杂裂缝中支撑剂输送数值模拟研究 [J ] . 油气地质与采收率 , 2024 , 31 ( 3 ): 123 - 136 .
ZHANG Tao , JIAN Yinlin , HE Le , et al . Numerical simulation study of proppant transport in complex hydraulic fractures [J ] . Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency , 2024 , 31 ( 3 ): 123 - 136 .
刘承婷 , 隗鸿飞 , 姜福聪 , 等 . 基于CFD-DEM算法的复杂裂缝支撑剂运移模拟分析 [J ] . 当代化工 , 2024 , 53 ( 8 ): 1896 - 1899, 1904 .
LIU Chengting , ( KUI/WEI) Hongfei , JIANG Fucong , et al . Simulation and analysis of proppant transport in complex fractures based on CFD-DEM algorithm [J ] . Contemporary Chemical Industry , 2024 , 53 ( 8 ): 1896 - 1899, 1904 .
WANG Y , ZHANG H . Hydrogel-based self-suspending proppants: Material design and application [J ] . Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2021 , 138 ( 24 ), e50789 .
LI J , CHEN R . Suspension mechanisms and performance of hydrogel proppants in hydraulic fracturing [J ] . Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering , 2022 , 208 : 109627 .
ZHAO X , SUN Q . Environmental impact and biocompatibility of hydrogel-based proppants [J ] . Journal of Cleaner Production , 2023 , 381 : 135246 .
ZHANG J , LIU K , CAO M . Experimental study on modified polyacrylamide coated self-suspending proppant [J ] . Fuel , 2017 , 199 : 185 - 190 .
CAO W , XIE K , LU X , et al . Self-suspending proppant manufacturing method and its property evaluation [J ] . Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering , 2020 , 192 : 107251 .
ZHANG X , WANG Z Y , DENG J N , et al . High-temperature and salt-resistant self-suspending proppant for hydraulic fracturing [J ] . Energy & Fuels , 2024 , 38 ( 10 ): 8620 - 8630 .
杨婷婷 , 李辉 , 雷证寰 , 等 . 油基岩屑残渣自悬浮支撑剂的制备及性能评价 [J ] . 石油与天然气化工 , 2024 , 53 ( 1 ): 129 - 136 .
YANG Tingting , LI Hui , LEI Zhenghuan , et al . Preparation and performance of self-suspending proppant with oil-based drilling cuttings pyrolysis residues [J ] . Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas , 2024 , 53 ( 1 ): 129 - 136 .
FAN F , LI F X , TIAN S C , et al . Hydrophobic epoxy resin coated proppants with ultra-high self-suspension ability and enhanced liquid conductivity [J ] . Petroleum Science , 2021 , 18 ( 6 ): 1753 - 1759 .
ZHANG Q X , ZHANG Z B , ZHANG B , et al . Research and application of self-suspending proppants based on block copolymer modification in coalbed methane wells [J ] . Physics of Fluids , 2025 , 37 ( 7 ): 077162 .
郭宗艳 , 姚晓 , 马雪 . 多孔莫来石基低密度高强度支撑剂的制备及性能 [J ] . 石油钻探技术 , 2013 , 41 ( 2 ): 39 - 43 .
GUO Zongyan , YAO Xiao , MA Xue . Preparation and properties of porous mullite base low-density high-strength proppants [J ] . Petroleum Drilling Techniques , 2013 , 41 ( 2 ): 39 - 43 .
RICKARDS A R , BRANNON H D , WOOD W D , et al . High strength, ultralightweight proppant lends new dimensions to hydraulic fracturing applications [J ] . SPE Production & Operations , 2006 , 21 ( 2 ): 212 - 221 .
孙婉莹 , 姚晓 . 树脂包覆免烧超低密度支撑剂性能研究 [J ] . 硅酸盐通报 , 2015 , 34 ( 10 ): 2900 - 2904 .
SUN Wanying , YAO Xiao . Profermance of resin coated unburned ultra-low density fracturing proppant [J ] . Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society , 2015 , 34 ( 10 ): 2900 - 2904 .
LIAO Z , RABIEE H , GE L , et al . Revealling pore microstructure impacts on the compressive strength of porous proppant based on finite and discrete element method [J ] . Journal of Materials Science & Technology , 2025 , 211 : 72 - 81 .
HUANG D , WANG J , NIU L , et al . Preparation of low density, high-strength, strong hydrophobic particles (LHSPs) and its application as oil fracturing proppant [J ] . Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology , 2023 , 44 ( 14 ): 2692 - 2699 .
CHEN T , GAO J , ZHAO Y , et al . Progress of polymer application in coated proppant and ultra-low density proppant [J ] . Polymers , 2022 , 14 ( 24 ): 5534 .
LIANG T , YAN C , ZHOU S , et al . Carbon black reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based composite particles: Preparation, characterization, and application [J ] . Journal of Geophysics and Engineering , 2017 , 14 ( 5 ): 1225 - 1232 .
ZHANG Y , YAN C , CHEN T , et al . Ultra-lightweight composite proppants prepared via suspension polymerization [J ] . Journal of Composite Materials , 2016 , 50 ( 20 ): 2823 - 2831 .
TASQUÉ J E , VEGA I N , MARCO S , et al . Ultra-light weight proppant: Synthesis, characterization, and performance of new proppants [J ] . Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering , 2021 , 85 : 103717 .
CHEN T , SANG Y , ZHOU Y , et al . Facile and controllable preparation of poly(st-co-MMA)/FA microspheres used as ultra-lightweight proppants [J ] . Materials , 2021 , 14 ( 23 ): 7390 .
梁莹 . 自悬浮支撑剂研究进展及应用现状 [J ] . 油气井测试 , 2022 , 31 ( 1 ): 47 - 51 .
LIANG Ying . Research progress and application status of self-suspension proppant [J ] . Well Testing , 2022 , 31 ( 1 ): 47 - 51 .
GOLDSTEIN B , VANZEELAND A . Self-suspending proppant transport technology increases stimulated reservoir volume and reduces proppant pack and formation damage [C ] // SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition . Richardson : Society of Petroleum Engineers , 2015 : SPE 174867-MS.
GU M , DAO E , MOHANTY K K . Investigation of ultra-light weight proppant application in shale fracturing [J ] . Fuel , 2015 , 150 : 191 - 201 .
傅玉 , 李永明 , 丁咚 . 川西地区自悬浮支撑剂加砂压裂技术先导试验 [J ] . 油气井测试 , 2018 , 27 ( 1 ): 42 - 47 .
FU Yu , LI Yongming , DING Dong . Field test of self-suspending proppant for sand fracturing technology in West Sichuan [J ] . Well Testing , 2018 , 27 ( 1 ): 42 - 47 .
刘俣含 , 王璇 , 张洋 , 等 . 煤层气低温低伤害自悬浮支撑剂性能评价与现场应用 [J ] . 中国煤层气 , 2024 , 21 ( 2 ): 26 - 29, 43 .
LIU Yuhan , WANG Xuan , ZHANG Yang , et al . Performance evaluation and field application of low-temperature, low-damage and self-suspending proppant for coalbed methane [J ] . China Coalbed Methane , 2024 , 21 ( 2 ): 26 - 29, 43 .
王磊 . 牛庄洼陷官17井区沙四段页岩油自悬浮支撑剂压裂试验 [J ] . 油气藏评价与开发 , 2022 , 12 ( 4 ): 684 - 689 .
WANG Lei . Self-suspension proppant fracturing test of shale oil in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Guan-17 well area, Niuzhuang Sag [J ] . Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development , 2022 , 12 ( 4 ): 684 - 689 .
任洪达 , 董景锋 , 高靓 , 等 . 新疆油田玛湖砂岩储层自悬浮支撑剂现场试验 [J ] . 油气藏评价与开发 , 2023 , 13 ( 4 ): 513 - 518 .
REN Hongda , DONG Jingfeng , GAO JingLiang) , et al . Field test of self-suspending proppant at Mahu sandstone reservoir in Xinjiang Oilfield [J ] . Reservoir Evaluation and Development , 2023 , 13 ( 4 ): 513 - 518 .
张龙胜 , 秦升益 , 雷林 , 等 . 新型自悬浮支撑剂性能评价与现场应用 [J ] . 石油钻探技术 , 2016 , 44 ( 3 ): 105 - 108 .
ZHANG Longsheng , QIN Shengyi , LEI Lin , et al . Property evaluation and field applications of a new self-suspending proppant [J ] . Petroleum Drilling Techniques , 2016 , 44 ( 3 ): 105 - 108 .
董林芳 , 陈新阳 . 自悬浮支撑剂的性能评价与现场应用 [J ] . 石油钻探技术 , 2018 , 46 ( 6 ): 90 - 94 .
DONG Linfang , CHEN Xinyang . Performance evaluation and field application of a self-suspending proppant [J ] . Petroleum Drilling Techniques , 2018 , 46 ( 6 ): 90 - 94 .
黄博 , 雷林 , 汤文佳 , 等 . 自悬浮支撑剂清水携砂压裂增产机理研究 [J ] . 油气藏评价与开发 , 2021 , 11 ( 3 ): 459 - 464 .
HUANG Bo , LEI Lin , TANG Wenjia , et al . Stimulation mechanism of self suspension proppant in sand-carrying fracturing by water [J ] . Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development , 2021 , 11 ( 3 ): 459 - 464 .
XU Q , FAN F , LU Z , et al . Reversible adhesion surface coating proppant [J ] . Chinese Chemical Letters , 2021 , 32 ( 1 ): 553 - 556 .
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
AI问答
苏公网安备32010502011276号
