Geothermal energy and petroleum are both vital subsurface energy resources. Numerical simulation of geothermal and reservoir systems is a key technology for evaluating and optimizing the development and utilization of these resources

playing an essential guiding role in the energy sector. By comparing the foundational mathematical models

numerical methods

and case studies of geothermal and reservoir simulations

this study highlights the similarities and differences in their application to the development of these two energy sources. In terms of simulation methods

geothermal numerical simulations focus on heat conduction and geothermal field variation

whereas reservoir numerical simulations emphasize fluid dynamics and the oil extraction process. Regarding simulation results

geothermal simulations are used for geothermal resource development planning and the optimization of key production parameters

while reservoir simulations are primarily applied to reserve estimation

injection-production parameter optimization

and well production management. This comparative analysis provides theoretical and practical guidance for research and applications in geothermal energy and petroleum engineering

promoting the efficient and sustainable utilization of both energy resources.