The utilization of hydrate-based capture and storage of CO

2

presents a promising avenue for substantial emissions reduction

contributing significantly to achieving carbon neutrality goals and addressing climate change. This paper delves into the foundational aspects of gas hydrates

including their properties

formation mechanisms

and models

as well as hydrate synthesis within porous media and the use of molecular dynamics simulations for understanding hydrate formation. Key challenges identified in the synthesis process of gas hydrates include the limited solubility of CO

2

in porous media

which poses a significant hurdle in precisely determining the storage capacity of CO

2

hydrates. Additionally

the local structural mechanisms

particularly nucleation processes involved in

gas hydrate formation

are highlighted as complex areas that warrant further investigation. The paper also evaluates the potential of coal-bearing strata

especially in high-latitude and permafrost regions

as viable underground repositories for CO

2

storage via hydrate formation. This approach not only offers a method for reducing atmospheric CO

2

levels but also leverages the unique geological characteristics of these regions to enhance the efficiency and stability of CO

2

storage. In summary

while hydrate-based CO

2

capture and storage technologies hold considerable promise for climate change mitigation

addressing the scientific and technical challenges identified in this review is crucial for advancing the field and optimizing the efficacy of this storage method.